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SA Santhali

Year	Author	Work	Category	Ref.
2005	Jadumani Besra	Bhabna	Poetry
2006	Ram Chandra Murmu	Guru Gomke Pondet Raghunath Murmu	Biography
2007	Kherwal Saren	Chet Re Cikayana	Play
2008	Badal Hembram	Manmi	Short stories
2009	Damayanti Beshra	Say Sahed	Poetry
2010	Bhoqla Soren	Rahi Ranwak' Kana	Play
2011	Aditya Kumar Mandi	Banchao Larhai	Poetry
2012	Gangadhar Hansda	Banchaw Akan Goj Hor	Short stories
2013		Chanda Bonga	Poetry
2014		Mala Mudam	Play
2015		Parsi Khatir	Play
2016		Nalha	Poetry
2017		Tahena.n Tangi re	Poetry
2018		Marom	Play

CMs of Sikkim

No.	Name (Constituency)	Term (tenure length)	Party		Assembly (election)
1	Kazi Lhendup Dorjee	16 May 1975 – 17 August 1979 (4 years, 93 days)	Indian National Congress		First Assembly (1974 election)
–	Vacant (President's rule) (President's rule)	18 August 1979 – 17 October 1979 (60 days)	N/A		Dissolved

2005 Jharkhand

Results

Party		Leader	Candidates	Seats	Votes
	BJP	Arjun Munda	63
	JMM	Shibu Soren	49
	INC	John Doe
	RJD	Lalu Yadav
	JDU	Nitish Kumar
	Other

William Joseph Mackey

The Reverend William Joseph Mackey S.J.
Born	(1915-08-19)August 19, 1915 Montreal, Canada
Died	October 18, 1995(1995-10-18) (aged 80) Thimphu, Bhutan
Orders
Ordination	15 August 1945

William Joseph Mackey, S.J. (August 19, 1915 – October 18, 1995) was a Canadian Catholic priest and Jesuit educator.

Early life

William Joseph Mackey was born on August 19, 1915 in Montreal, Canada to Kitty Murphy, an Irish Catholic, and Herbert Mackey, a Protestant of Irish descent. Mackey received a Catholic primary education and successfully applied for scholarship at Loyola College, which included a high school. He was accepted into the Society of Jesus shortly after graduating from high school and joined the St. Stanislaus Novitiate in Guelph, Ontario on 14 August 1932.

Mackey was ordained a priest on 15 August 1945 by Archbishop Joseph Charbonneau in the Immaculate Conception Church. He pronounced his final vows on 15 August 1949.

Mackey died on 18 October 1995, in a hospital in Thimphu, due to an infected gum which lead to blood poisoning.

References

Sources

• Solverson, Howard (1995). The Jesuit and the Dragon: The life of Father William Mackey in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. Montreal: Robert Davies Publishing. ISBN 1895854377.

Duar War

Background

At the base of the lower ranges of the Bhutan hills there is a narrow strip of country, from ten to twenty miles in breadth, and extending from the Dhunseeree River, in Assam, on the east, to the River Teesta, or frontier of the Darjeeling district, on the west. This tract, which is by nature singularly rich and fertile, was known as the Bhutan Duars, or Passes. Eighteen passes entered it from the hills, each under the authority of a Jongpen, and attached to each jurisdiction was the portion of the tract lying below the pass, and bearing its name. Thus the whole locality came to be known as the Athara Duars, or Eighteen Passes. Of these Duars, eleven were situated between the Teesta and the Monass. The other seven were on the frontier of the Darrang (Goalpara) and Kamrup districts of Assam, and were generally called the Assam Duars, those bordering on the Bengal frontier being called the Bengal Duars. The Bhutanese had managed to wrest the Bengal Duars from the Mohammedan rulers of the country, probably soon after the foundation of the present Bhutan State. They never obtained absolute possession of the Assam Duars, but by their outrages and incursions they succeeded in forcing the Assam princes to purchase

References

Sources

• Aris, Michael (1994). The Raven Crown: The Origins of Buddhist Monarchy in Bhutan. London: Serindia Publications. ISBN 9780906026328.
• Collister, Peter (1987). Bhutan and the British. London: Serindia Publications. ISBN 0906026180.
• Das, Smriti (31 December 1998). Assam Bhutan relations with special reference to duars from 1681 to 1949 (PhD thesis). Gauhati University.
• Deb, Arabinda (1976). Bhutan and India: A Study in Frontier Political Relations, 1772-1865. Calcutta: Firma KLM.
• Karma Phuntsho (2013). The History of Bhutan. Noida: Random House India. ISBN 8184003110.
• Kohli, Manorama (1982). India and Bhutan: A Study in Interrelations, 1772-1910. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 9788121501668.
• Labh, Kapileshwar (1974). India and Bhutan. New Delhi: Sindhu Publications.
• Majumdar, A. B. (1984). Britain and the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. Patna: Bharati Bhawan.
• Rennie, David Field (1866). Bhotan and the Story of the Dooar War. London: John Murray.
• Sarkar, Ratna; Ray, Indrajit (Winter 2007). "Political Scenario in Bhutan during 1774-1906: An Impact Analysis on Trade and Commerce" (pdf). Journal of Bhutan Studies. 17.
• Savada, Andrea Matles; Harris, George Lawrence; Library of Congress. Federal Research Division (1993). Nepal and Bhutan: country studies (pdf). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. LCCN 93012226. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-06-07. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
• Singh, Amar Kaur Jasbir (1988). Himalayan Triangle: A Historical Survey of British India's Relations with Tibet, Sikkim, and Bhutan, 1765-1950. London: British Library. ISBN 9780712306300.
• Thinley Gyamtsho; Jagar Dorji; Pommaret, Francoise; Tshering Dolkar (1994). A History of Bhutan: Course Book for Class IX (pdf). Paro: Royal Education Council, Royal Government of Bhutan. ISBN 99936-0-187-X.
• This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: White, John Claude (1909). Sikhim & Bhutan: Twenty-one Years on the North-east Frontier, 1887–1908. London: Edward Arnold.
• Wangyal, Sonam B. (Winter 2006). "A Cheerless Change: Bhutan Dooars to British Dooars" (pdf). Journal of Bhutan Studies. 15.