User:The Morrison Man/sandbox1
The Morrison Man/sandbox1 | |
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B. isis skeleton, Nantes History Museum, France | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Artiodactyla |
Infraorder: | Cetacea |
Family: | †Basilosauridae |
Subfamily: | †Basilosaurinae |
Genus: | †Basilosaurus Harlan 1834 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFHarlan1834 (help) |
Type species | |
†Basilosaurus cetoides | |
Other species | |
| |
Synonyms | |
Basilosaurus (meaning "king lizard") is a genus of large archaeocete whale from the late Eocene, approximately 41.3 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). First described in 1834, it was the first prehistoric whale known to science.
History of discovery[edit]
Description[edit]
[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
Classification[edit]
Paleobiology[edit]
Paleoecology[edit]
Sources[edit]
[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]
From "further reading"[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Zalmout, I. S.; Mustafa, H. A.; Gingerich, P. D. (2000). "Priabonian Basilosaurus isis (Cetacea) from the Wadi Esh-Shallala Formation: first marine mammal from the Eocene of Jordan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (1): 201–204. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0201:pbicft]2.0.co;2. OCLC 4908948040. S2CID 130179065.
- ^ Harlan, Richard (1834). "Notice of Fossil Bones Found in the Tertiary Formation of the State of Louisiana". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 4: 397. doi:10.2307/1004838.
- ^ Gibbes, Robert W.; Tuomey, M.; Owen, Richard (1847). On the fossil genus Basilosaurus, Harlan, (Zeuglodon, Owen) with a notice of specimens from the Eocene green sand of South Carolina. Philadelphia: [s.n.]
- ^ "Wadi Al-Hitan". World Heritage Site. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
- ^ Gingerich, P. D. (2008). "Early Evolution of Whales: A Century of Research in Egypt" (PDF). In Fleagle, J. G.; Gilbert, C. C. (eds.). Elwyn Simons: A Search for Origins. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Berlin: Springer. pp. 107–124. ISBN 978-0-387-73895-6.
- ^ Gingerich, Philip D.; Smith, B. Holly; Simons, Elwyn L. (1990). "Hind limbs of eocene basilosaurus: evidence of feet in whales". Science. 249 (4965): 154–157. Bibcode:1990Sci...249..154G. doi:10.1126/science.249.4965.154. PMID 17836967. S2CID 35307146.
- ^ Gingerich, P. D. (2012). "Evolution of Whales from Land to Sea" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 156 (3): 309–323.
- ^ Voss, Manja; Antar, Mohammed Sameh M.; Zalmout, Iyad S.; Gingerich, Philip D. (2019). "Stomach contents of the archaeocete Basilosaurus isis: Apex predator in oceans of the late Eocene". PLOS ONE. 14 (1). e0209021. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1409021V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209021. PMC 6326415. PMID 30625131.
- ^ Gingerich, P.D. (1998). "15. Paleobiological perspectives on Mesonychia, Archaeoceti, and the origin of whales" (PDF). In Thewissen, J. G. M. (ed.). The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea. New York: Springer. pp. 423–449. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0159-0. ISBN 978-1-4899-0159-0. S2CID 30660655.
- ^ Fahlke, Julia M.; Gingerich, Philip D.; Welsh, Robert C.; Wood, Aaron R. (2011). "Cranial asymmetry in Eocene archaeocete whales and the evolution of directional hearing in water". PNAS. 108 (35): 14545–14548. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10814545F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1108927108. PMC 3167538. PMID 21873217.
- ^ Gingerich, P. D.; Uhen, Mark D. (1998). "Likelihood estimation of the time of origin of Cetacea and the time of divergence of Cetacea and Artiodactyla" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 1 (2): 4.
- ^ Racicot, Rachel A.; Berta, Annalisa (2013). "Comparative Morphology of Porpoise (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) Pterygoid Sinuses: Phylogenetic and Functional Implications". Journal of Morphology. 274 (1): 50. doi:10.1002/jmor.20075. PMID 22965565. S2CID 2617769.
- ^ Nummela, Sirpa; Thewissen, J. G. M.; Bajpai, Sunil; Hussain, Taseer; Kumar, Kishor (2004). "Eocene evolution of whale hearing". Nature. 430 (7001): 776–778. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..776N. doi:10.1038/nature02720. PMID 15306808. S2CID 4372872.
- ^ Bejder, Lars; Hall, Brian K. (2002). "Limbs in whales and limblessness in other vertebrates: mechanisms of evolutionary and developmental transformation and loss" (PDF). Evolution and Development. 4 (6): 445–458. doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2002.02033.x. PMID 12492145. S2CID 8448387.
- ^ Great Transformations in Vertebrate Evolution. KENNETH P. DIAL, NEIL SHUBIN, AND ELIZABETH L. BRAINERD. July 2015. ISBN 9780226268255.
- ^ Gingerich, P. D.; Arif, M; Bhatti, M Akram; Anwar, M; Sanders, William J (1997). "Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini, New Archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a Revised Interpretation of Ages of Whale-Bearing Strata in the Kirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan)". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 30 (2): 55–81. hdl:2027.42/48652. OCLC 742731913.
- ^ Uhen, Mark D. (1998). "Middle to Late Eocene Basilosaurines and Dorudontines". The Emergence of Whales. pp. 29–61. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0159-0_2. ISBN 978-1-4899-0161-3.
- ^ Gingerich, Philip D.; Zouhri, Samir (2015). "New fauna of archaeocete whales (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Bartonian middle Eocene of southern Morocco". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 111: 273–286. Bibcode:2015JAfES.111..273G. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.08.006.
- ^ Gol'din, Pavel; Zvonok, Evgenij (2013). "Basilotritus uheni, a New Cetacean (Cetacea, Basilosauridae) from the Late Middle Eocene of Eastern Europe". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (2): 254–268. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..254G. doi:10.1666/12-080R.1. S2CID 83864139.
- ^ Lydekker, R. (2009). "On Zeuglodont and other Cetacean Remains from the Tertiary of the Caucasus". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1892 (4): 558–581. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1892.tb01782.x.
- ^ "On a molar tooth of Zeuglodon from the Tertiary beds on the Murray River near Wellington, S.A." Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 1881.
- ^ Snively, E.; Fahlke, J. M.; Welsh, R. C. (2015). "Bone-Breaking Bite Force of Basilosaurus isis (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Eocene of Egypt Estimated by Finite Element Analysis". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0118380. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1018380S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118380. PMC 4340796. PMID 25714832.
- ^ Fahlke, Julia M. (2012). "Bite marks revisited – evidence for middle-to-late Eocene Basilosaurus isis predation on Dorudon atrox (both Cetacea, Basilosauridae)" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 15 (3).
- ^ Snively, Eric; Fahlke, Julia M.; Welsh, Robert C. (25 February 2015). "Bone-Breaking Bite Force of Basilosaurus isis (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Eocene of Egypt Estimated by Finite Element Analysis". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): e0118380. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1018380S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118380. PMC 4340796. PMID 25714832.
- ^ The topography and geology of the Fayum province of Egypt. Cairo: National Printing Dept. 1905. pp. 87–88.
- ^ Holroyd, Patricia A.; Parham, James F.; Hutchison, J. Howard (2005). "A Reappraisal of Some Paleogene Turtles from the Southeastern United States". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (4): 979–982. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0979:AROSPT]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4524524. S2CID 130961045.[relevant?]
- ^ Domning, Daryl P.; Morgan, Gary S.; Ray, Clayton E. (1982). "North American Eocene Sea Cows (Mammalia: Sirenia)". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. No. 52. pp. 1–69. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.52.1. hdl:10088/1974.
- ^ Ivany, Linda C.; Patterson, William P.; Lohmann, Kyger C. (2000). "Cooler winters as a possible cause of mass extinctions at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary" (PDF). Nature. 407 (6806): 887–890. Bibcode:2000Natur.407..887I. doi:10.1038/35038044. hdl:2027.42/62707. PMID 11057663. S2CID 4408282.
- ^ Molina, Eustoquio; Gonzalvo, Concepción; Ortiz, Silvia; Cruz, Luis E. (28 February 2006). "Foraminiferal turnover across the Eocene–Oligocene transition at Fuente Caldera, southern Spain: No cause–effect relationship between meteorite impacts and extinctions". Marine Micropaleontology. 58 (4): 270–286. Bibcode:2006MarMP..58..270M. doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.11.006.
- ^ Uhen, Mark D. (2002). "Basilosaurids". In Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. pp. 79–81. ISBN 978-0-12-551340-1.
- ^ Werdelin, Lars; Sanders, William Joseph (20 July 2010). Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. Univ of California Press. ISBN 9780520257214.
- ^ Smith, Kathlyn M.; Hastings, Alexander K.; Bebej, Ryan M.; Uhen, Mark D. (2022). "Biogeographic, stratigraphic, and environmental distribution of Basilosaurus (Mammalia, Cetacea) in North America with a review of the late Eocene shoreline in the southeastern coastal plain". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (2): 439–451. Bibcode:2022JPal...96..439S. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.90. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 240244165.
- ^ Switek, Brian (21 September 2008). "The Legacy of the Basilosaurus". ScienceBlogs. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
- ^ Owen, Richard (1841). "V.— Observations on the Basilosaurus of Dr. Harlan ( Zeuglodon cetoides , Owen)". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. 6 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1144/transgslb.6.1.69. ISSN 2042-5295.
- ^ Andrews, C. W. (1904). "III.—Further Notes on the Mammals of the Eocene of Egypt". Geological Magazine. 1 (5): 211–215. doi:10.1017/S0016756800119624. ISSN 0016-7568.
- ^ Andrews, C. W. (1906). A descriptive catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayûm, Egypt. Based on the collection of the Egyptian government in the Geological museum, Cairo, and on the collection in the British museum (Natural history), London. London: Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum.
- ^ Uhen, Mark D. (2004). "Form, Function, and Anatomy of Dorudon Atrox (Mammalia, Cetacea): An Archaeocete from the Middle to Late Eocene of Egypt". Papers on Paleontology. 34: 11. hdl:2027.42/41255.
- ^ Gingerich, P. D. (1998). "Paleobiological Perspectives on Mesonychia, Archaeoceti, and the Origin of Whales" (PDF). In Thewissen, J. G. M. (ed.). The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea. Advances in Vertebrate Paleobiology. Vol. 1. Springer. pp. 424–439. ISBN 9780306458538.
- ^ "Basilosaurus spp". College of Osteopathic Medicine. Robert Boessenecker and Jonathan Geisler.
- ^ Müller, Johannes Peter (1849). Über die fossilen Reste der Zeuglodonten von Nordamerika mit Rücksicht auf die europäischen Reste aus dieser Familie. Berlin: Reiner. pp. 1–38. OCLC 422134028.
- "Über die fossilen Reste der Zeuglodonten von Nordamerica". pbdb.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ Uhen, M. D. (2005). "A new genus and species of archaeocete whale from Mississippi". Mississippi Geology. 43 (3): 157–172.
- ^ Gingerich, P. D. (1992). "Marine Mammals (Cetacean and Sirenia) from the Eocene of Gebel Mokattam and Fayum, Egypt: Stratigraphy, Age, and Paleoenvironments". University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology. 30: 1–84. hdl:2027.42/48630. OCLC 26941847.
- ^ Abel, O. (1906). "Ueber den als Beckengurtel von Zeuglodon beschriebenen Schultergurtel eines Vogels aus dem Eocan von Alabama" [On the shoulder girdle of a bird from the Eocene of Alabama described as a pelvic girdle of Zeuglodon]. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie. 15: 450–458.
- ^ Lucas, F. A. (1908). "Discussion and Correspondence: is Alabamornis a bird?". Science. 28 (686): 311. doi:10.1126/science.27.686.311. PMID 17770689.
- ^ Fossil whale: State Fossil of Mississippi (PDF), Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, 1991, retrieved 9 May 2019
- ^ Zimmer, Carl (1998). At the Water's Edge: Macroevolution and the Transformation of Life. Free Press. p. 141. ISBN 9780684834900.
- ^ Gidley, James W. (1913). "A recently mounted zeuglodon skeleton in the United States Museum". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 44 (1975): 649–654. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.44-1975.649.
- ^ Kellogg, Remington (1923). "Description of two squalodonts recently discovered in the Calvert Cliffs, Maryland; and notes on the shark-toothed cetaceans". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 62 (2462): 1–69. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.62-2462.1.
- ^ Lucas, Frederic A. (1900). "The pelvic girdle of zeuglodon, Basilosaurus cetoides (Owen), with notes on other portions of the skeleton". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 23 (1211): 327–331. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.23-1211.327.
- ^ Lydekker, R. (1892). "4. On Zeuglodont and other Cetacean Remains from the Tertiary of the Caucasus". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 60 (4): 558–581. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1892.tb01782.x. ISSN 0370-2774.
- ^ Sanger, E B (1881). "On a molar tooth of Zeuglodon from the Tertiary beds on the Murray River near Wellington, S.A". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 5: 298–300. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.15884. ISSN 0370-047X.
Cited literature[edit]
- Andrews, C. W. (1904). "Further notes on the mammals of the Eocene of Egypt. Part III". Geological Magazine. 5. 1 (5): 211–215. doi:10.1017/s0016756800119624. S2CID 222700904.
- "Further notes on the mammals of the Eocene of Egypt. Part III". paleodb.org. Archived from the original on 15 November 2015.
- Andrews, C. W. (1906). A descriptive catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayûm, Egypt. British Museum (Natural History). OCLC 3675777.
- Agassiz, L. (1848). "Letter from Prof. Agassiz, addressed to Dr. Gibbes, dated Charleston, December 23, 1847". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 5. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
- Brandt, J. F., von (1873). "Über bisher in Russland gefundene Reste von Zeuglodonten". Mélanges Biologiques Tirés du Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. 9: 111–112.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)- "Uber bisher in Russland gefundene Reste von Zeuglodonten". paleodb.org. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016.
- Gibbes, Robert Wilson (1847). "On the fossil genus Basilosaurus, Harlan, (Zeuglodon, Owen,) with a notice of specimens from the Eocene Green Sand of South Carolina". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1.
- Harlan, R. (1834). "Notice of fossil bones found in the Tertiary formation of the State of Louisiana". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 4: 397–403. doi:10.2307/1004838. JSTOR 1004838. OCLC 63356837.
- Kellogg, R. (1936). A review of the Archaeoceti (PDF, 46.3 Mb). Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. OCLC 681376. Publication no. 482.
- Owen, R. (1839). "Observations on the Basilosaurus of Dr. Harlan (Zeuglodon cetoides, Owen)". Transactions of the Geological Society of London. 6: 69–79. doi:10.1144/transgslb.6.1.69. S2CID 84456321.
- "Observations on the Basilosaurus of Dr. Harlan (Zeuglodon cetoides)". paleodb.org. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016.
- Koch, Albert Carl (1845). Description of the Hydrarchos harlani : a gigantic fossil reptile: lately discovered by the author in the state of Alabama. B. Owen, printer.
External links[edit]
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