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Moldavian campaign (1684)
Part of Polish-Ottoman War (1683-1699) & Great Turkish War

The capture of Yazlovets by the Polish troops.
DateAugust - October 1684
Location
Moldavia
Result Crimean-Ottoman victory
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
John III Sobieski
Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski
Andrzej Potocki
Kazimierz Jan Sapieha		 Unknown
Strength
17,000–20,000 Polish
2,000 Brandenburgs
50–60 cannons		 Unknown
Casualties and losses
Heavy Unknown

The Moldavian campaign in 1684 was launched by the commonwealth led by the Polish king, Jan III, in order to control Moldavia, which was a vassal to the Ottomans. The campaign ended in failure, and the king was forced to retreat.

Background[edit]

After the victory at the Battle of Vienna, the Polish king, Jan III, decided to continue the war to oust the Ottomans from Europe. He made plans to conquer Moldavia and Wallachia, which would be under the control of his son, Jakub.[1][2] In fall 1683, the Polish king appointed Stefan Kunicki as the leader of a campaign to oust the Ottomans from Moldavia. After initial success, the Polish-Cossack army was defeated by the Ottoman-Crimean army in the Battle of Reni.[3] In April 1684, Jan made plans to launch another Moldavian campaign by conquering the Danube river mouth. He hoped to achieve two things: cut the supplies off Kamianets-Podilskyi, which was under Ottoman rule, force it to surrender, and isolate the Crimean Khanate from the Ottomans. The Polish king began mobilizing his army; he recruited an army of 17,000 to 20,000 Polish-Lithuanians and 50–60 cannons.[4][5] Jan also made an agreement with Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg which the latter provided 2,000 Brandenburg troops. The Papacy significantly played a role in preparing the campaign. His generals, Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, Andrzej Potocki, and Kazimierz Jan Sapieha, were appointed commanders-in-chief.[6][7]

Campaign[edit]

The Polish army set out on August 1684; their first success was capturing Yazlovets on August 24. A strong Ottoman hold in Podolia slightly complicated the situation in Kamenets, but they did not give up. By the end of August, the Polish troops had captured the crossing of the Dniester river, ensuring the safety of the crossing into Moldavia. On September 1, the Polish army reached Zhvanets, where one of the crossings was located. On September 3, the king held a council where they would have disagreements regarding the campaign. The king favored the continuation of the campaign, while Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski was arguing for the siege of Kamenets. On September 4, the construction of a bridge to cross the Dniester had begun, which was complicated by the rain and strong winds, as well as battles with the Crimean troops. After a month, the almost-completed bridge was destroyed by a storm. Jabłonowski spoke in favor of Kamenets siege. On October 1, The Polish army began leaving for Kamenets while simultaneously carrying out another bridge construction. The King dispatched a force to build another crossing near Gródek; however, the Polish army would face the Crimeans in bloody battles, which would slow down their march. Large Ottoman-Crimean forces approached the Dniester, and famine and disease began in the Polish army. The king was forced to abandon the campaign in Moldova and decided to retreat.[8][9][10]

Aftermath[edit]

The Polish Crusade into Moldavia ended in failure. The Polish army was not able to cross the Dniester and reach Moldavia.[11][12][13] Jan reportedly said to Jan Władysław Brzostowski, the referendum of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania:[14]

The saintly events and our intentions to decent did not come to pass.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Semenova, L.E., p. 246
  2. ^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 233
  3. ^ Semenova, L.E., p. 246
  4. ^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 233
  5. ^ Marcin Markowicz
  6. ^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 234
  7. ^ Marcin Markowicz
  8. ^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 234
  9. ^ Marcin Markowicz
  10. ^ Podhorodetsky Leszek
  11. ^ Podhorodetsky Leszek
  12. ^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 234
  13. ^ Marcin Markowicz
  14. ^ Kochegarov, K.A., p. 234

Sources[edit]

  • Semenova, L.E. (2006), Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. Late XIV - early XIX centuries.[1]
  • Kochegarov, K.A. (2008), Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia in 1680–1686. [2]
  • Podhorodetsky Leszek. (2002), Vienna, 1683.[3]
  • Marcin Markowicz (2013), The first Moldavian campaign in 1684, and the first failure of Jan III Sobieski.[4]
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