Draft:Dandeson Coates Crowther
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Archdeacon Dandeson Coates Crowther was born on September 24th, 1844 in Sierra Leone.[2] He is the son of Archbishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther.[3] He was a leader of the Christian Church in West Africa. He was a part of the Christian Missionary Society (CMS) in 1870 and titled as "Archdeacon" of the Niger Delta in 1876.[3]
He was ordained at Saint Mary's Parish Church by Samuel Ajayi Crowther.[2] Prior to this role, he held a few temporary roles. This included jobs such as secretary and chaplain[4] for his father Samuel Ajayi Crowther and Senior Pastor in Bonny, Niger Delta.[2]
Early Life: Education/Personal Life[edit]
Dandeson Coates Crowther was the youngest son of Samuel Ajayi Crowther, who was the first African Anglican Bishop in Nigeria.[3] Archbishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther was born in 1807 in Osogun, Yorubaland, Nigeria.[5] He was enslaved at 13 years old and traded to Portuguese slave ships.[5] After Great Britain abolished the slave trade in 1807, Royal Navy patrols stopped Ajayi's captive ship in April 1822, transporting these newly freedmen to Freetown, Sierra Leone.[5] He was converted to the Anglican Church and adopted the name Crowther,[5] that was given to Dandeson, when born 22 years later.
Dandeson Coates Crowther attended school in Sierra Leone and Nigeria. Specifically, he attended the Christian Missionary Society Grammar School located in Lagos, Nigeria in 1860.[4] Then, he relocated and attended the Christian Missionary Society College in Islington, London, England, United Kingdom, graduating in 1863.[2]
Mission: Call/Journey/Service/Return[edit]
His journey as a missionary began in 1870 after he was ordained by his father.[2] On June 19th of 1870, he became a deacon at Saint Mary's Parish Church in Islington, London, England, United Kingdom.[2] On March 12th of 1871, he became a priest in Lagos, Nigeria.[2] He returned to the Niger Delta in 1871 to join the Christian Missionary Society Niger Mission. He remained at Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria until becoming Archdeacon of the Niger Delta in 1876.[4] He was specifically Archdeacon, often called "venerable," of the Lower Niger and Delta stations,[4] and lead the Southern Nigeria Province of the Christian Missionary Society Mission. He received a Doctorate of Divinity in Lambeth, England, United Kingdom in 1921.[4]
Dandeson Coates Crowther frequently travelled across continents,[4] utilizing shipping lines between Great Britain and West Africa, such as the Elder Dempster Line.[6] He constantly travelled between London, England, United Kingdom and Nigeria, but when he got sick, he traveled to Freetown, Sierra Leone.[4]
Crowther struggled throughout his mission as some of the leaders of the Christian Missionary Society did not want any non-native Europeans to run the Mission. The backlash against African-born clergymen skyrocketed after the Niger Crisis of 1890[5] and even led to the death of Samuel Ajayi Crowther in 1891.[5] Today, historians possess letters written by Dandeson Coates Crowther, expressing his realization of people attempting to kick him out of the Christian Missionary Society.[7] He concluded his role as Archdeacon of the Niger Delta in 1926.[4] In 1935, he was awarded the Order of the British Empire, knighted by the King of England, and made "Sir."[4] He died at the age of 93 years old on January 5th, 1938 in Freetown, Sierra Leone.[4]
Legacy[edit]
Before passing away in 1938, Crowther was involved in the Delta Revolt and often fought for Africans to run their continent without the sole reliance on Europeans.[2] The Niger Delta separated from the Christian Missionary Society after Crowther advocated for a self-governing African church, establishing the Niger Delta Pastorate in 1892.[3] To carry out this mission, he often dabbled in translating work. He translated the Anglican Book of Common Prayer, "Dusk to Dusk," into Igbo, a language of southeastern Nigeria.[4] He also translated a portion of the book of Jeremiah of The Bible into Yoruba, a language of southwestern Nigeria.[4] Following in the footsteps of his father, who translated The Bible and The Book of Common Prayer into Yoruba,[5] Dandeson Coates Crowther, worked to keep Africans as involved with the Church as possible, while maintaining autonomy and freedom.
References[edit]
- ^ Kingdon, Zachary. (2008). Reinterpreting the African Collections of the World Museum Liverpool.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Hanciles, Jehu J. (October 1994). "Dandeson Coates Crowther and the Niger Delta Pastorate: Blazing Torch or Flickering Flame?". International Bulletin of Missionary Research. 18 (4): 166–172. doi:10.1177/239693939401800404. ISSN 0272-6122. S2CID 149088333.
- ^ a b c d J, Hanciles, Jehu (1844–1938). "Crowther, Dandeson Coates (B)". Dictionary of African Christian Biography. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l CMS Register 1804-1894, List III, no. 155
- ^ a b c d e f g "Samuel Ajayi Crowther | Slavery and Remembrance". slaveryandremembrance.org. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
- ^ UK and Ireland, Outward Passenger Lists, 1890-1960, Liverpool, 1933 Aug 23
- ^ Papers relating to Africa: Miscellaneous papers, letters and reports, 1880-1892. A3/1/1J https://www-amscholar-amdigital-co-uk.proxy.library.upenn.edu/Documents/SearchDetails/CMS_VII_Part1_Reel15_Vol1
- ^ "The black bishop: Samuel Adjai Crowther. With preface by Eugene Stock ... with 16 illustrations and map". HathiTrust. hdl:2027/nyp.33433068285844. Retrieved 2023-12-28.